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MEDICAL  COLLEGES  IN  NORTH 
CAROLINA 


by 

J.  Howell  Way,  M.D.,  F.A.C.P. 

and 
L.  B.  McBrayer,  M.  D.,  F.  A.  C.  P. 


<*, 


Read  before  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina 
Pinehurst.  Wednesday.  May  2nd.  1928 


MEDICAL  COLLEGES  IN  NORTH 
CAROLINA 

b, 

J.  Howell  Way,  M.D.,  F.  A.C.P. 

and 
L.  B.  McBrayer,  M.  D.,  F.  A.  C.  P. 


136  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

MEDICAL  COLLEGES  IN   NORTH  CAROLINA 

by 

*J.  Howell  Way,  M.D.,  F.A.C.P. 

and 
L.  B.  McBrayer,  M.D.,  F.A.C.P. 

In  the  earlier  days  of  colonial  North  Carolina  the  physicians  were 
men  who  had  emigrated  to  America  after  pursuing  their  professional 
studies  in  Europe  and  for  many  years  quite  a  number  of  the  State's 
practitioners  were  young  men  who  had  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  study 
abroad.  Later  a  large  proportion  had  acquired  their  rights  to  pursue 
the  profession  of  medicine  by  residence  in  the  home  of  some  other  prac- 
titioner for  a  varying  period  of  one  to  three  years. 

Though  at  times  the  question  of  the  organization  of  a  college  of 
regular  medicine  was  broached  in  the  Medical  Society  of  the  State, 
there  was  usually  manifested  a  disposition  adverse  to  such  organiza- 
tion on  acount  of  the  small  size  of  Carolina  cities  not  offering  much 
field  for  clinical  study,  coupled  with  inadequate  funds  for  securing  and 
maintaining  proper  equipment  and  teachers. 

THE  FIRST  MEDICAL  COLLEGE  TO  BE  CHARTERED 

IN 
NORTH  CAROLINA  WAS  IN  1866 

The  Edenborough  Medical  College,  at  a  place  called  "Edenborough 
Community,"  in  Robeson  County  now  Hoke. 

Dr.  Hector  McLean,  the  owner  and  faculty,  was  born  in  Robeson 
County  May  14th,  1818,  and  died  December  1st,  1877.  Flora,  wife  of 
Dr.  Hector  McLean  was  born  December  29,  1829,  and  died  January 
31,  1910.  His  father  was  born  in  Inverness,  Scotland;  all  are  buried  at 
Edenborough  in  the  family  cemtery. 

The  Community  of  Edenborough  is  now  in  Hoke  County  but  was 
formerly  in  Robeson  County,  and  was  named  by  the  elder  McLean 
when  he  located  there. 

Dr.  Hector  McLean  graduated  at  the  University  of  Louisville  about 
1840.   He  was  a  very   brilliant  man,  and   did  many  operations   that   are 


*Note — During  Dr.  Way's  last  illness  I  promised  to  finish  this  work  for  him  and  bad 
an  engagement  to  stop  and  go  over  the  material  he  had,  but  unfortunately  he  died  three 
days  before  the  date.  He  had  already  requested  me  to  secure  data  in  regard  to  Eden- 
borough Medical  College  which  I  did.  I  have  used  all  of  Dr.  Way's  material  a<nd  added 
to  it  or  filled  in  such  as  seemed  desirable.  We  are  also  indebted  to  Doctors  Royster, 
Kitchen.  Manning,  and  Lafferty  for  information  furnished — L.  B.  McBhayer. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  137 

considered  difficult  even  today.  Among  them  were  such  operations  as 
brain  surgery,  Halstead's  operation  for  cancer  of  the  breast.  (One  of 
his  patients  operated  on  for  cancer  of  the  breast,  Mrs.  Britt,  lived  to 
be  more  than  eighty  years  old  and  died  in  1905.)  Dr.  McLean  also 
operated  for  mastoid,  and  stone  in  the  bladder,  and  used  a  seaton  in  the 
neck  for  epilepsy.  It  is  reported  that  some  good  woman  for  whom  he 
operated,  rinding  that  one  of  her  negro  slaves  had  epilepsy,  gave  the 
b'ov  to  Dr.  McLean  and  he  used  a  seaton  which  went  under  the  liga- 
mentum  nuchae.  This  negro  boy  got  well  of  his  epilepsy.  Dr.  McLean 
also  did  hip  joint   amputation. 

He  owned  many  slaves;  had  one  of  the  finest  libraries  in  the  State 
at  that  time,  and  read  much.  The  home  of  Dr.  Hector  McLean  was  con- 
sidered the  best  in  Robeson  County. 

In  1866-67  the  Legislature  chartered  the  Edenborough  Medical 
College.  See  Chapter  LXVII.  Laws  1866-67.  For  the  next  ten  years 
he  continued  to  conduct  this  Medical  College  and  graduated  a  goodly 
number  of  men  every  year. 

He  had  one  child,  a  son,  Dr.  Angus  Murphy  McLean,  born  March 
6,  1855,  and  who,  following  his  graduation  with  his  father  went  to 
Philadelphia  and  took  a  course  in  one  of  the  Colleges  there.  Dr.  Angus 
Murphy  McLean  practised  at  the  same  place  as  his  father,  and  for 
several  years  in  Texas,  coming  back  to  Edenborough  about  1881,  and 
died  there  of  tuberculosis  February  8,  1888. 

Dr.  Ben  Person  and  his  brother  Dr.  Joseph  Person,  of  Wayne  County, 
worked  with  Dr.  McLean  at  different  times.  It  is  said  that  Dr.  Ben 
Person  was  rather  handy  with  his  gun  in  those  days,  and  would  some- 
times have  to  leave  home,  and  when  he  did  so  he  buried  himself  in  the 
far  distant  land  known  as  Robeson  County,  where  there  was  little 
danger  of  being  molested.  This  was  a  great  distance  at  the  time  because 
of  the  mode  of  travel.  You  can  go  from  the  site  of  Edenborough  Medical 
College  and  the  home  of  Dr.  McLean  to  the  county  seat  of  Wayne 
County  now  on  any  morning  in  time  for  breakfast. 

Dr.  Joseph  Person  was  the  husband  of  the  famous,  or  infamous  Mrs. 
Joe  Person  of  "Mrs.  Joe  Person's  Remedy''  fame,  and  it  is  thought  likely 
that  the  formula  for  this  widely  advertised  and  widely  used  money- 
making  remedy  was  probably  a  purloined  prescription  of  Dr.  Hector 
McLean. 

The  College  building  was  a  two-story  wooden  building  with  eight 
rooms.  The  upper  story  was  used  as  a  residence  for  the  medical  stu- 
dents and  they  boarded  with  Dr.  Hector  McLean  while  studying  medi- 
cine. The  lower  floor  was  used  for  medical  college  purposes,  including 
an  anatomical  laboratory.  The  Edenborough  Medical  College  was  con- 
ducted in  this  building  for  ten  years  or  little  more,  up  to  1877,  at  which 
time  Dr.  Hector  McLean  died.  Dr.  McLean  did  all  the  teaching,  with- 
out any  help.  The  brick  building  occupied  by  Dr.  McLean  as  an 
office  is  now  standing.  The  Medical  College  building  was  destroyed 
by  fire. 

Dr.  McLean's  practice  extended  from  Randolph  County  to  the  South 
Carolina   line,   and   over   into   South   Carolina. 


5  I 

fro* 


138  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

Here  are  some  of  the  graduates  of  Edenborough  Medical  College — 
Dr.  J.  D.  McNeill,  Whiteville;  Dr.  Malone,  Randolph  County;  Dr. 
William  Ray,  who  lived  near  where  the  town  of  Raeford  is  now  situ- 
ated, at  a  place  called  Galatia.  Dr.  Denby,  who  lived  and  died  at  Hope 
Mills,  and  many  others  whose  names  are  difficult  to  obtain. 

It  is  a  fact  that  Dr.  McLean  taught  medical  students  as  a  preceptor 
many  years   before  the   Edenborough  Medical  College  was  chartered. 

THE  COLLEGE  OF 
PHYSICIANS  AND  SURGEONS 

The  American  Medical  Association  has  some  kind  of  information  to 
to  the  effect  that  a  medical  college  by  the  name  of  "The  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons"  existed  in  this  state  at  a  place  called  Arlington. 
It  was  not  chartered  by  the  state  and  so  far  as  known  did  not  graduate 
any  one.  It  is  rather  doubtful  that  it  ever  existed. 

THE  SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE 

OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF   NORTH  CAROLINA 

The  School  of  Medicine  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  was 
".stablished  in  1889  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Thomas  W.  Harris. 
A  course  in  theoretical  and  practical  medicine,  as  was  the  custom  at 
the  time,  was  offered,  but  this  plant  was  found  impracticable  and  was 
abandoned  in  1886.  In  1890,  however,  a  more  orderly  and  logical 
arrangement  of  subjects  of  the  medical  course  was  begun,  and  it  be- 
came possible  for  a  university,  without  clinical  facilities,  to  offer  in- 
struction in  the  elementary  subjects.  Dr.  Richard  H.  Whitehead  was 
then  elected  Dean  and  Professor  of  Anatomy,  and  under  his  guidance  the 
School  was  reopened  and  has  continued  without  interruption.  In  1900, 
the  Medical  Course  having  been  extended  in  the  better  class  of  schools 
to  four  years,  the  subjects  of  the  first  two  years  were  offered  at  the  Uni- 
versity. In  1902  a  Clinical  Department  was  established  at  Raleigh,  but 
after  several  years  of  unsuccessful  effort  to  provide  for  its  proper  sup- 
port, it  was  abandoned  in  1910.  In  1908  the  School  was  admitted  to 
membership  in  the  Association  of  American   Medical  Colleges. 

THE     BIOLOGICAL     LABORATORIES 

A.  The  Biological  Building,  Davie  Hall,  is  occupied  by  the  Depart- 
ments of  Zoology  and  Botany.  The  building  is  a  rectangular  structure  of 
pepper-and-salt  brick  and  is  divided  into  a  main  body  and  two  wings. 
The  total  length  is  125  feet,  the  depth  of  the  main  body  44  feet,  that  of 
the  wings  38  feet.  A  basement  underlies  the  whole,  above  which  arr 
two  floors.  The  main  body  has  an  additional  third  floor.  The  building  faces 
south,  lies  to  the  east  of  the  New  East,  and  adjoins  the  Arboretum. 

The  entrance  hall,  on  the  first  floor,  lighted  with  large  windows  on 
either  side  of  the  main  doorway,  serves  for  the  exhibition  of  museum 
specimens  of  a  more  popular  character.  Back  of  the  entrance  hall  are 
herbarium,  a  room  for  charts  and  other  lecture  apparatus,  and  a  room 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  139 

for  the  storage  of  zoological  specimens.  The  west  wing  of  this  floor  is 
occupied  by  a  lecture  room  with  a  seating  capactiy  of  one  hundred  and 
twenty,  the  east  wing  by  a  laboratory  for  the  elementary  classes  in 
zoology  and  botany.  The  latter  laboratory  is  arranged  for  twenty-four 
wall  tables  with  a  window  in  front  of  each  table. 

On  the  second  floor  the  east  wing  is  occupied  by  a  single  large  lab- 
oratory for  advanced  work  in  zoology  and  the  west  wing  by  a  similar 
laboratory  for  advanced  work  in  botany.  Each  of  these  rooms  accommo- 
dates twenty  workers,  and  is  lighted  on  three  sides  with  twenty  windows. 
The  main  building  on  the  floor  includes  private  workrooms  for  the  pro- 
fessors of  zoology  and  botany;  two  storerooms,  and  a  library.  On  the 
third  floor  of  the  main  body  is  a  photographic  studio  with  windows  on 
the  north  side  extending  to  the  floor,  and  with  skylights.  In  the  basement 
are  a  fireproof  incubator  room,  a  room  for  micro-photography  with  ad- 
joining dark  room,  janitor's  shop,  and  rooms  for  the  storage  of  heavy 
supplies.  The  wings  in  the  basement  are  designed  for  the  keeping  of 
live  animals  and  plants  for  experimental  work  in  botany  and  zoology. 

THE    MEDICAL    LABORATORIES 

The  new  medical  building,  Caldwell  Hall,  completed  in  1912,  is 
located  on  the  south  side  of  Cameron  Avenue  opposite  Davie  Hall,  facing 
north.  This  location  secures  the  north  light  in  all  of  the  laboratories  used 
for  microscopic  work. 

To  the  north  is  the  main  building,  117x64.  and  adjoining  this,  to  the 
south,  is  a  wing,  63x36,  each  containing  a  basement  and  two  floors.  The 
first  floor  of  the  main  building  is  bisected  from  north  to  south  by  an 
entrance  hall  fourteen  feet  wide,  and  from  east  to  west  by  a  corridor 
eight  feet  wide,  dividing  the  floor  space  into  four  equal  parts.  Each  part 
is  subdivided  into  one  large  class  laboratory.  34x27,  and  two  private 
laboratories,  lix^1^.  The  class  laboratories  lie  next  to  the  entrance  hall. 
Those  on  the  north  side  will  be  used  for  microscopic  work  in  histology 
and  embryology.  They  are  lighted  from  five  large  windows  on  the  north 
side.  On  the  south  side  are  the  laboratories  for  physiological  chemistry 
and  experimental   physiology. 

The  private  laboratories,  located  on  the  farther  side  of  the  class  lab- 
oratories, are  occupied  by  the  instructors.  The  office  of  the  Dean  is  in  one 
of  the  private  laboratories  on  this  floor,  and  may  be  entered  from  the  west 
end  of  the  corridor. 

The  second  floor  is  a  duplicate  of  the  first  floor  with  the  exception  that 
the  space  above  the  entrance  hall  is  enclosed  and  is  used  for  the 
Departmental  Library.  On  the  north  side  are  the  bacteriological  and 
pathological  laboratories,  and  on  the  south  side  the  pharmacological 
laboratory  and  a  lecture  room.  The  laboratories  here  have  the  same 
arrangement  as  those  on  the  first  floor.  Nearly  opposite  the  pathological 
laboratory  is  the  pathological  museum. 

\t  the  ends  of  the  corridors  on  the  first  and  second  floors  are  small 
fireproof  rooms  which  will  be  used  for  incubators,  thermostats,  and  other 
purposes  requiring  the  continuous  use  of  oil  or  gas  lamps. 

In  the  basement  of  the  main  building  provision  is  made  for  the  care 
of  animals.  The  floors  of  the  several  apartments  are  covered  with  cement 


HO  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

and  are  inclined  to  a  common  drain  pipe.  The  rooms  are  well  ventilated, 
lighted,  and  heated,  and  provided  with  all  necessary  facilities  for  proper 
sanitation. 

On  the  first  floor  of  the  wing  adjoining  the  main  building  is  the  main 
lecture  hall,  and  in  the  rear  of  this  is  the  amphitheatre  for  anatomical 
demonstrations.  In  the  rear  of  the  amphitheatre  is  the  Anatomical 
Museum. 

On  the  second  floor  of  the  wing  are  the  anatomical  laboratories.  In 
the  center,  and  occupying  a  large  part  of  the  floor  space,  is  the  main 
dissecting  hall,  which  has  a  cement  floor  and  is  lighted  by  six  large 
windows  and  two  skylights.  On  either  side  of  a  short  corridor  at  the  front 
are  two  private  laboratories  for  special  dissections,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  corridor  the  two  laboratories  for  the  instructors.  The  latter  are  entered 
from  the  upper  hall  of  the  main  building.  In  the  rear  of  the  main  dissect- 
ing hall  are  the  lavatory  and  locker  rooms. 

The  basement  of  the  wing  is  divided  by  a  solid  brick  wall  from  east 
to  west.  On  the  north  of  this  wall  are  the  two  storerooms,  a  photographic 
room,  a  room  for  the  refrigerating  and  gas  plant;  on  the  south  side  are 
the  storage  tanks  for  cadavers,  the  incinerator,  and  other  arrangements 
for  the  care  of  anatomical  material.  In  the  rear  end  of  the  basement  is 
an  entrance  hall  containing  the  elevator  and  the  stairs  leading  to  the 
amphitheatre  and  the  dissecting  hall.  The  dissecting  hall  is  supplied 
with  hot  and  cold  water. 

The  laboratories  are  well  equipped  with  apparatus  for  the  use  of 
the  students  and  the  research  work  of  the  teachers.  Animals  are  available 
in  adequate  numbers  for  all  proper  experimental  work. 

Total  number  of  students  who  have  matriculated,  1190. 

FACULTY   FOR   THIRD   AND    FOURTH    YEARS   AT    RALEIGH 1902-10 

H.   A.   Royster,   Dean,   Professor   of   Gynecology 

W.  I.  Royster,  Professor  of  Medicine. 

A.  W.  Knox,  Professor  of  Surgery. 

R.  H.  Lewis,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye  and  of  General 
Hygiene. 

K.  P.  Battle,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Ear,  Nose,  and  Throat. 

James   McKee,  Clinical  Professor  of  Mental  and  Nervous   Diseases. 

A.  W.  Goodwin,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Skin,  and  of  the  Genito- 
urinary System. 

H.  M.  M.  Tucker,  Professor  of  Obstetrics. 

J.  W.   McGee,  Lecturer   on   Therapeutics. 

R.  S.  McGeachy,  Chief  of  Dispensary. 

FACULTY    AT    UNIVERSITY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 1890 

Dr.  Richard  H.  Whitehead,  Dean,  Professor  of  Anatomy,  1890-1905, 
Physiology  and  Materia  Medica. 

F.  P.  Venable,  Professor  of  Chemistry. 
J.  A.  Holmes,  Professor  of  Botany. 
J.  W.  Gore,  Professor  of  Physics. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  141 

THE    PRESENT   TEACHING   STAFF    IS    AS    FOLLOWS: 

Harry  Woodburn   Chase,   Ph.D.,   LL.D.,  President. 
Isaac  Hall  Manning,  M.D.,  Dean. 

1905 

THE    ADMINISTRATIVE    BOARD 

Charles  Staples  Mangum.  A.B.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy. 

William  DeBerniere  MacNider,  M.D.,  Kenan  Research  Professor 
Pharmacology. 

James  Bell  Bullitt,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Pathology. 

Wesley  Critz  George,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Histology  and  Embry- 
ology. 

Daniel  Allan  MacPherson,  Sc.M.,  Associate  Professor  of  Bacteriology. 

SPECIAL    TEACHING    STAFF 

Charles  Staples  Mangum.  A.B.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy. 

Isaac  Hall   Manning,  M.D.,   Professor  of   Physiology. 

William  DeBerniere  MacNider,  M.D.,  Kenan  Research  Professor  of 
Pharmacology. 

James   Bell  Bullitt,  A.M.,  M.D.,  Professor  of   Pathology. 

Wesley  Critz  George,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Histology  and  Embryology. 

John  Grover  Beard,  Ph.G.,  Professor  of  Pharmacy. 

Robert  Baker  Lawson,  M.D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Applied 
Anatomy. 

Daniel  Allan  MacPherson,  Sc.M.,  Associate  Professor  of  Bacteri- 
ology. 

Frederick  Phillips  Brooks,  Ph.D.,  Assistant  Professor  of  Physiologi- 
cal Chemistry. 

Charles  Lee  Ferguson,  Assistant  in  Anatomy. 

THE    SCHOOL    OF    MEDICINE    OF    THE    UNIVERSITY    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

This  College  of  Medicine  has  always  been  of  the  highest  standard 
and  has  been  grade  A  since  the  beginning  of  the  grading  of  medical  col- 
leges by  Flexner.  Its  two-year  medical  students  are  admitted  to  the  third 
year  of  any  of  the  best  medical  schools  without  examination. 

Dr.  William  DeB.  MacNider  has  distinguished  himself  and  this 
School  of  Medicine  by  his  research  in  Pharmacology.  His  work  is  known 
and  appreciated  throughout  the  world  of  medicine. 

THE  LEONARD  MEDICAL  SCHOOL  OF  SHAW  UNIVERSITY 

The  Leonard  Medical  School  of  Shaw  University  was  established  in 
1882  under  the  presidency  of  Rev.  H.  M.  Tupper,  D.D.  The  first  faculty 
was  composed  of  two  physicians:  Dr.  James  McKee,  who  was  Professor 
of  Physiology  and  the  Principles  and  Practices  of  Medicine,  and  Dr.  F. 
A.  Spafford,  who  was  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Materia   Medica. 

At  the  end  of  the  first  session  the  following  note  was  published:  "In 
view  of  the  facts  that  medical  education  among  the  colored  people  is  in 
its   infancy   and   also   that   the    support   of   the    students    depends    almost 


142  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

entirely  upon  a  system  of  free  scholarships  furnished  by  benevolent 
individuals,  the  class  of  the  last  session  which  was  the  first,  was  under 
the  tutorage  of  Drs.  McKee  and  Spafford.  The  success,  however,  has 
been  so  great  that  another  professor  has  been  added  for  the  ensuing 
year."  The  additional  teacher  was  Dr.  Kemp  P.  Battle,  Jr.,  who  was 
professor  of  surgery  and  obstetrics.  There  were  eleven  students  registered 
during  the  sessions  of  1882-83.  A  significant  appointment  appeared  in 
the  catalogue:  "At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  (of  Shaw 
University)  Dr.  William  W.  Keen,  of  Philadelphia,  was  elected  a 
Trustee."  Dr.  Keen  served  until   1895. 

A  worthy  ambition  characterized  the  beginning  of  the  school:  "In 
making  our  second  announcement  we  will  state  that  it  is  our  aim  to  follow 
as  closely  as  possible  the  curriculum  of  study  as  pursued  at  Harvard  and 
other  first-class  medical  schools." 

With  the  opening  of  the  next  session  Dr.  Richard  B.  Haywood  became 
professor  of  the  principles  and  practices  of  medicine  and  Dr.  Augustus 
W.  Knox,  professor  of  clinical  and  operative  surgery,  while  the  chair  of 
obstetrics  was  vacant  by  reason  of  Dr.  Battle's  absence  on  leave  for 
study  in  Europe.  Dr.  Richard  H.  Lewis  was  appointed  visiting  surgeon 
to  the  eye  and  ear  department  and  consulting  surgeon  to  the  Leonard 
Medical  School  Hospital.  Dr.  Haywood  served  but  two  years  and  was 
retired  on  account  of  illness.  Dr.  Spafford  resigned  at  the  end  of  the 
session.  The  long  service  of  Dr.  Knox,  beginning  this  year,  lasted  until 
the  school  was  discontinued  in  1914  a  period  of  31  years. 

In  1884-85  Dr.  C.  S.  Pratt  was  made  dean,  the  first  incumbent  to 
hold  this  office,  and  also  was  professor  of  anatomy  and  chemistry,  the 
chair  formerly  filled  by  Dr.  Spafford.  Both  of  these  gentlemen  were  from 
New  England,  coming  to  the  school  by  invitation  of  President  Tupper. 
Dr.  Pratt  served  only  one  session.  At  this  time  Dr.  R.  H.  Lewis  was 
advanced  to  the  professorship  of  ophthalmology,  otology  and  rhinology, 
starting  on  his  teaching  career  which  also  continued  until  1914. 

In  the  year  1886  the  school  may  be  said  to  have  entered  upon  its  solid 
existence.  Dr.  James  McKee  was  appointed  dean,  and  held  this  office 
continuously  until  his  resignation  in  1909.  Dr.  W.  I.  Royster  succeeded 
to  the  chair  of  principles  and  practice  of  medicine,  filling  the  position 
until  the  disbanding  in  1914,  a  term  of  28  years.  Dr.  K.  P.  Battle,  Jr., 
back  from  Europe,  was  made  professor  of  physiology  and  kept  the  chair 
until  the  end.  His  brother,  Herbert  B.  Battle,  Ph.D.,  became  professor 
of  chemistry  and  resigned  upon  his  removal  from  the  state  in  1899.  Dr. 
A.  W.  Goodwin  was  appointed  professor  of  anatomy,  resigning  in  1909. 
In  1892  Dr.  G.  A.  Renn  was  professor  of  materia  medica,  but  was  suc- 
ceeded the  next  session  by  William  Simpson,  Ph.G.,  who  served  until 
1903,  and  who  in  addition  founded  the  Department  of  Pharmacy.  The 
chair  of  chemistry  was  filled  for  one  year  by  H.  K.  Miller,  M.S.,  to  be 
followed  by  J.  M.  Pickel,  Ph  D.,  who  held  the  chair  during  the  remainder 
of  the  school's  existence. 

The  faculty  which  was  thus  formed  in  the  session  of  1886,  with  the 
few  changes  noted  and  with  the  additions  later  to  be  mentioned,  virtually 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  113 

continued  intact  for  over  25  years.  They  bore  the  brunt  of  the  teaching, 
fixed  the  policy  of  the  institution,  gave  to  it  the  character  which  it  main- 
tained throughout  its  life. 

Upon  the  death  of  Dr.  Tupper,  the  presidency  of  Shaw  University 
passed  into  the  hands  of  Charles  F.  Meserve,  LL.D.  He  assumed  charge 
early  in  the  year  1894.  One  of  the  immediate  objects  of  his  interest  was 
the  Leonard  Medical  School.  No  important  changes  in  the  faculty  were 
made  for  several  years,  but  Dr.  Meserve  built  up  interest  among  the 
alumni  and  prospective  students,  supplied  the  teaching  force  with  enthu- 
siasm, and  encouraged  both  professors  and  pupils  to  go  forward,  more 
than  that,  he  raised  the  requirements,  advanced  the  standards  and  fought 
for  high  ideals  in  medical  education.  To  Meserve  more  than  to  any  other 
one  man  connected  with  the  school  is  due  the  measure  of  success  attained 
and  the  reputation  of  the  school  for  sending  out  well-prepared  colored 
men  into  the  practice  of  medicine. 

During  the  thirty-two  years  of  its  existence  480  diplomas  were  issued 
by  Leonard  Medical  School.  Of  these  Dr.  Meserve  signed  an  even  400; 
the  balance,  80  in  number,  received  Dr.  Tupper's  signature.  The  entire 
medical  profession  of  North  Carolina  is  indebted  to  Charles  F.  Meserve 
for  his  insistence  upon  a  thorough  grounding  in  the  fundamentals  and 
careful  training  of  the  Negro  men  who  essayed  to  enter  upon  the  study 
of  medicine.  Many  of  these,  now  practicing  in  this  state,  and  in  different 
parts  of  this  country,  furnish  evidence  of  the  influence  of  this  successful 
educator. 

The  following  physicians  were  connected  with  Leonard  Medical 
School  at  various  times  in  its  last  ten  years  or  more:  Dr.  H.  McKee 
Tucker,  professor  of  histology,  pathology  and  bacteriology  (1902)  and 
assistant  professor  of  gynecology  (1905-1914);  C.  B.  Crowell,  Ph.G., 
professor  of  materia  medica  (1904-1910);  Dr.  William  Moncure,  profes- 
sor of  histology,  pathology,  and  bacteriology  (1906)  and  dean  (1910- 
1914);  Dr.  Ralph  S.  Stevens,  professor  of  "anatomy  (1910-1914);  Dr. 
Claude  O.  Abernethy,  lecturer  on  therapeutics  (1910)  and  professor  of 
therapeutics  (1912-1914);  Dr.  John  B.  Watson,  instructor  in  pharma- 
cology and  therapeutics  (1911-1914);  Dr.  J.  G.  Osborne  (col.)  demon- 
strator in  the  laboratories  of  pathology  and  bacteriology  (1911-1914); 
Dr.  A.  S.  Root,  professor  of  pediatrics  (1913-1914);  Dr.  H.  B.  Hay- 
wood, professor  of  physical  diagnosis  (1913-1914).  During  the  last  ses- 
sion (1914)  Dr.  Albert  Anderson  served  as  professor  of  nervous  and 
mental  diseases,  with  T.  O.  Coppedge  as  associate  professor;  also  Dr. 
A.  C.  Campbell  was  professor  of  physiology  and  Dr.  J.  R.  Lowery 
professor  of  gastro-enterology. 

On  account  of  failure  to  secure  adequate  funds  for  endowment  to 
meet  the  demands  of  the  new  day,  the  school  was  discontinued  after  1914. 

NORTH  CAROLINA  MEDICAL  COLLEGE,  CHARLOTTE 

The  North  Carolina  Medical  College,  Charlotte,  North  Carolina, 
was  organized  in  1887.  at  Davidson,  as  the  Davidson  School  of  Medicine, 
a  preparatory  school,  by  Paul  B.  Barringer,  and  this  was  taken  over  by 
Dr.  J.  P.  Munroe  in  1889,  who  was  dean  and  faculty.  At  this  time  it  was 
a   preparatory   school,   not  granting  any  degree,  and  in   addition   it  was 


144  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

quite  popular  in  preparing  graduates  for  examination  by  the  State 
Board  of  Medical  Examiners.  In  1893  it  was  chartered  by  our  legisla- 
ture under  above  mentioned  name  and  in  the  same  year  graduated  its  first 
class. 

In  1907  it  was  moved  to  Charlotte  and  took  the  name  of  the  North 
Carolina  Medical  College,  where  it  continued  its  regular  four  years  course 
until  1914  when  it  merged  with  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  continu- 
ing a  nominal  existence  until  it  could  graduate  the  three  classes  that  it 
at  that  time  had  started  and  then  ceased  to  exist  in  1918. 

According  to  the  American  Medical  Association  the  North  Carolina 
Medical  College  was  rated  in  Class  B  in  1907,  but  on  a  further  inspection 
in  the  following  year  it  was  found  that  no  rating  higher  than  Class  C 
could  be  granted.  Inasmuch  as  it  merged  with  a  Class  A  school  in  1911, 
the  classes  which  were  graduated  in  1915,  1916,  and  1917  were  recorded 
as  having  graduated  from  a  Class  B  school.  In  the  conditions  of  the  mer- 
ger it  was  stipulated  that  the  North  Carolina  Medical  College  would 
retain  a  nominal  existence  until  the  three  remaining  classes  were  gradu- 
ated. 

OFFICERS    AND    EXECUTIVE    COMMITTEE    OF    THE    CORPORATION 

Dr.  John   P.   Munroe,  President. 

Dr.   Edward   C.   Register,  Vice-President. 

Dr.  Andrew  J.  Crowell,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 


W.  O.  Nisbet,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Digestive  System 
and  Dean  of  the  Faculty. 

John  P.  Munroe,  M.D.,  Professor  Neurology  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine. 

I.  W.  Faison,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Children  and  Clinical  Medicine. 

E.  C.  Register,  M.D.,  Professor  Emeritus  of  Practice  of  Medicine. 

B.  C.  Nalle,  M.D.,  Professor  of  the  Principles  and  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine. 

R.  L.  Gibbon,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Practice  of  Surgery. 

G.  W.  Pressly,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Principles  of  Surgery. 

A.  J.  Crowell,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Genito-Urinary  Surgery. 

J.  P.  Matheson,  M.  D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear,  Nose 
and  Throat. 

A.  M.  Whisnant,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Diseases  of  the  Eye,  Ear,  Nose 
and  Throat. 

W.  D.  Witherbee,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Dermatology  and  Materia 
Medica. 

C.  M.  Strong,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Gynecology. 
C.  H.  C.  Mills,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Obstetrics. 

C.  N.  Peeler,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy  and  Chief  of  the  Dispen- 
sary. 

R.  H.  Lafferty,  M.D.,  Registrar  and  Professor  of  Chemistry  and 
Physiology. 

L.  B.  Newell,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Pathology  and  Practice  of  Medicine. 

J.  C.  Montgomery,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anaesthetics. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  145 

R.  F.  Leinbach,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Bacteriology. 

J.  K.  Ross,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Hygiene  and  Assistant  in   Medicine. 

P.  M.  King,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Minor  Surgery  and  Bandaging. 

C.  A.  Misenheimer.  M.D.,  Clinical  Professor  of  Surgery. 

F.  L.  Black,  Professor  of  Medical  Jurisprudence 

J.  W.  Squires,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Rectal  Diseases  and  Associate  in 
Genito-Urinary   Surgery. 

H.  W.  McKay,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physical  Diagnosis. 

W.  R.   Engle,  M.D.,  Clinical   Professor  of  Tuberculosis. 

John  Donnelly,  M.D.,  Clinical  Instructor  of  Tuberculosis. 

F.  D.  Austin.  M.D.,  Clinical  Instructor  in  Rectal  Diseases. 

Portia  M.  McKnight.  M.D.,  Clinical  Instructor  in  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine. 

Yates  W.  Faison.  M.D.,  Associate  Professor  of  Diseases  of  Children 
and  Clinical  Medicine. 

Oren  Moore,  M.D..  Associate  Professor  of  Gynecology. 

S.  M.  Crowell,  M.D.,  Assistant  in   Neurology. 

C.  S.  McLaughlin,  M.D.,  Assistant  in  Anatomy. 

J.  Q.  Myers,  M.D.,  Assistant  in  Obstetrics  and  Clinical  Gynecology. 

Otho  B.  Ross,  M.D.,  Assistant  in  Pathology  and  Clinical  Medicine. 

THE  WAKE  FOREST  SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE  AT 
WAKE  FOREST 

The  Wake  Forest  School  of  Medicine,  at  Wake  Forest,  an  integral 
part  of  Wake  Forest  College,  was  organized  in  1902.  It  gives  only  the 
first  two  years  of  the  regular  four  year  medical  course  and  has  always 
been  grade  A  since  the  grading  of  medical  colleges  began. 

The  following  are  or  have  been  professors  of  the  Medical  Department : 

F.  K.  Cooke,  M.D..  September  1902 — May  1905.  Professor  of  Ana- 
tomy,  Bacteriology,   and   Pathology. 

W.  S.  Rankin,  M.D.,  September  1903-May  1909.  Dean,  1905.  Pro- 
fessor of  Embryology,  Histology,  Bacteriology,  and  Pathology. 

Louis  M.  Gaines,  B.A.,  B.S.,  M.D.,  September  1905-May  1908. 
Professor  of  Anatomy,  Physiology,  and  Pharmacology. 

Edgar  Edgerton  Stewart,  M.D.,  September  1908-May  1912.  Profes- 
sor of  Anatomy  and  Pharmacology. 

John  Bruce  Powers.  M.A.,  M.D.,  September  1909-May  191*. 

William  Turner  Carstarphen,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1910-May  1917. 
Professor  of  Physiology. 

Edward  S.  Ruth.  M.D.,  September  1912-May  1913.  Professor  of 
Anatomy. 

Wilbur  C.  Smith,  M.D.,  September  1913-May  1916.  Professor  of 
Anatomy. 

Herbert  D.  Taylor,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  191-i-May  1915.  Profes- 
sor of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology. 

Roswell  E.  Flack,  B.  A.,  M.D.,  September  1915-May  1916.  Professor 
of  Pathology  and  Bacteriology. 

Eugene  A.  Case,  M.D.,  September  1916-May  1917.  Professor  of 
Pathology  and  Bacteriology. 


/ 

146  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

G.  Alfred  Aiken,  M.D.,  September  1916-May  1919.  Professor  of 
Anatomy,   Embryology,   and   Histology. 

Thurman  D.  Kitchin,  M.D.,  B.A.,  September  1917.  Dean  1919. 
Professor  of  Physiology  and  Pharmacology. 

Luther  T.  Buchanan,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1917-May  1920.  Profes- 
sor of  Pathology,  Bacteriology,  and  Histology. 

W.  G.  Dotson,  B.S.,  September  1915-May  1918.  Instructor  in  Chem- 
istry and  Bio-Chemistry. 

WalteT  F.  Taylor,  September  1918,  Insjtruc^or  in  Physiological 
Chemistry.  September  1920-May  1927,  Professor  of  Physiological 
Chemistry  and  Bacteriology. 

Herbert  M.  Vann,  B.S.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy.  Septem- 
ber 1919-May  1926.  Feb.  1928 — 

Charles  Phillips,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1920-May  1927.  Professor 
of   Pathology  and   Physical   Diagnosis. 

H.  N.  Gould,  Ph.D.,  September  1920-1922  (3).  Professor  of  Embry- 
ology and  Histology. 

C.  E.  Wilson,  B.A.,  M.A.,  September  1922,  Acting  Professor  of 
Histology  and  Embryology.  September  1923-May  1925,  Professor  of 
Histology  and  Embryology. 

Tyree  C.  Wyaft,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1924-January  1925.  Pro- 
fessor of  Pathology  and  Physical  Diagnosis. 

J.  J.  Tyson,  B.A.,  M.A.,  September  1921-May  1926.  Instructor  in 
Histology  and  Embryology. 

Fountain  W.  Carroll,  B.A.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  September  1925-May  1926. 
Professor  of  Pathology  and  Physical  Diagnosis. 

O.  C.  Bradbury,  B.S.,  M.A.,  Ph.D.,  September  1925-  Professor  of 
Histology  and  Embryology. 

Coy  C.  Carpenter,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1926-  Professor  of  Pathol- 
ogy and  Physical  Diagnosis. 

William  A.  Johnson,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1926-November  1927. 
Professor  of  Anatomy. 

T.  M.  Mayfield,  B.A.,  September  1926-May  1927.  Instructor  in 
Histology  and  Embryology. 

E.  S.  King,  B.A.,  M.D.,  September  1927-  Professor  of  Physiological 
Chemistry  and  Bacteriology. 

N.  A.  Hayes,  B.A.,  September  1927-  Instructor  in  Histology  and 
Embryology. 

THE   FOLLOWING   COMPOSE  THE   FACULTY  OF    1928: 

Francis  Pendleton  Gaines,  M.A.,  Ph.D.,  President. 

Thurman  D.  Kitchin,  B.A.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Dean  and  Professor  of 
Physiology  and  Pharmacology. 

Coy  C.  Carpenter,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Pathology  and  Physical 
Diagnosis. 

Herbert  M.  Vann,  S.B.,  M.A.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Anatomy. 

*W.  F.  Taylor,  B.S.,  M.A.,  Professor  of  Physiological  Chemistry 
and  Bacteriology. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  147 

O.  C.  Bradburg,  B.S.  M.A.,  Ph.D.,  Professor  of  Histology  and  Em- 
bryology. 

E.  S.  King,  B.A.,  M.D.,  Professor  of  Physiological  Chemistry  and 
Bacteriology. 

N.  A.  Hayes,  B.A.,  Instructor  in  Histology  and  Embryology. 

H.  W.  Wright,  Assistant  in  Histology  and  Embryology. 

M.  B.   Holoman,  Assistant  in   Physiology  and   Pharmacology. 

J.  N.  Reeves,  Assistant  in  Anatomy. 

V.  H.  Duckett,  Assistant  in  Bacteriology. 

P.  T.  McBee,  Assistant  in  Pathology. 

L.  R.  Shaw,  Librarian. 

Aim  and  Scope.  The  School  of  Medicine  was  established  in  May, 
1902.  It  combines  three  years  of  academic  training  with  two  years  of 
medical  training  in  such  a  way  as  to  preserve  the.  advantages  of  each, 
and  at  the  same  time  make  it  possible  for  students  to  graduate  with  the 
baccalaureate  degree  and  the  medical  degree  in  seven  years.  Upon  the 
completion  of  this  work  the  college  confers  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of 
Science  in  Medicine,  which  admits  the  students  to  the  third  year  in  a 
medical  college.  Thus,  time  and  expense  are  saved  by  this  combination. 

This  school  undertakes  to  teach  only  those  branches  of  medicine 
which  can  be  taught  as  thoroughly  in  the  small  village  as  in  the  large 
city,  namely,  the  laboratory  studies  in  medicine,  which  form  the  pure 
science  foundation  of  the  professional  course.  These  branches  are: 
anatomy,  physiology,  physiological  chemistry,  physical  diagnosis,  minor 
surgery,  pharmacology,  toxicology  and  pharmacy,  histology,  embryology, 
bacteriology,  and  pathology. 

Certification.  Certificates  of  recommendation  for  advanced  standing  in 
medical  colleges  are  given  to  those  students  who  have  received  the  degree 
of  the  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Medicine,  or  have  completed  the  two-year 
medical  course.  Such  students  are  admitted  to  advanced  standing  without 
examination  in  medical  colleges  proper. 

Equipment.  The  School  of  Medicine  is  adequately  equipped  with  suit- 
able laboratories,  apparatus  and  material.  The  Alumni  Building,  con- 
structed especially  for  laboratory  purposes,  is  65  by  80  feet,  and  three 
stories  high.  In  it  are  the  anatomical,  physiological,  histological,  embryo- 
logical,  bacteriological,  pathological,  biological,  bio-chemical,  pharma- 
cological and  toxicological  laboratories.  Besides  these  there  are  private 
laboratories  for  the  professors. 

A  Medical  Society  has  been  instituted  in  which,  with  the  cooperation 
of  the  Departments  of  Anatomy.  Physiology,  Pathology,  and  Pharmacol- 
ogy, students  are  required  to  meet  for  discussion  of  published  papers, 
and  to  prepare  papers  on  the  subject  assigned  for  the  month.  All  students 
have  access  to  the  leading  scientific  journals  bearing  upon  the  work  of 
the  above-mentioned  departments. 

A  medical  library  of  reference  volumes  and  important  journals,  main- 
tained by  the  William  Edgar  Marshall  Memorial  Fund  and  Bryan  Spivj 
Bazemore  Memorial  Fund,  is  in  the  medical  building  in  charge  of  a 
special  librarian.  Students  are  required  from  time  to  time  to  abstract 
and  discuss  important  topics  treated  in  the  various  journals.  The  Pennell 
Memorial  Medical  Library  is  housed  in  the  general  library. 


148  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

BACHELOR  OF  SCIENCE    IN    MEDICINE 

To  be  entitled  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Medicine  the 
student  must  have  completed  the  following  courses:  Academic: 

English  1-2,  3-4  (12  hours).  Mathematics  1-2  (6  hours).  German 
1-2,  5-6;  French  1-2,  3-4  (12  semester  hours  of  either  language).  Bible 
(3  hours).  Philosophy  1  (3  hours).  Social  Science  (3  hours).  Chemistry 
1-2  (10  hours).  Chemistry  3  (3  hours).  Chemistry  5-6  (4  hours).  Chem- 
istry 8  (2  hours).  Chemistry  10  (2  hours).  Biology  1-2  (8  hours).  Biology 
11,  12  (8  hours).  Physics  3-4  or  y2  of  Physics  3  and  Physics  1-2  (10 
hours).  Physical  Education,  2  years.  Electives,  9  semester  hours. 

No  courses  in  elementary  foreign  languages  may  be  counted  among 
these   electives. 

Latin  A-B,  1-2,  or  Greek  1-2  may  in  special  cases  be  substituted  for 
the  foreign  language  requirement  named  above. 

Professional:  First  Yeai — Anatomy  1,  Embryology,  Histology,  Phy- 
siological Chemistry,  Physiology.  Second  Year — Applied  Anatomy,  Bac- 
teriology, Hygiene,  Pathology,  Pharmacology,  Physical  Diagnosis,  Phy- 
siology 2,  Surgery  Toxicology. 


REPORT  OF  COMMITTEE  TO  CONSIDER  FOUR-YEAR  MEDI- 
CAL SCHOOL  TO  BE  ESTABLISHED  BY  THE 
STATE  UNIVERSITY 

(From  Transactions  of  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of 
North  Carolina,  1923,  p.  92,  93.) 

The  following  report  was  read  by  Dr.  I.  W.  Faison,  Chairman,  and, 
upon  motion,  was  accepted: 

Upon  the  request  of  Dr.  H.  W.  Chase,  President  of  the  University 
of  North  Carolina,  a  committee  consisting  of  Drs.  I.  W.  Faison,  Chair- 
man, Charlotte;  A.  J.  Crowell,  Charlotte;  J.  T.  J.  Battle,  Greensboro; 
J.  H.  Shuford,  Hickory;  C.  M.  Van  Poole,  Salisbury;  E.  T.  Dickinson. 
Wilson;  L.  B.  McBrayer,  Sanatorium;  W.  L.  Dunn,  Asheville;  H.  H. 
Briggs,  Asheville;  David  T.  Tayloe,  Washington;  J.  F.  Highsmith,  Fay- 
etteville ;  J.  V.  McGougan,  Fayetteville ;  Foy  Roberson,  Durham;  Fred 
W.  Hanes,  Winston-Salem;  W.  P.  Holt,  Duke;  J.  Howell  Way,  Waynes- 
ville;  E.  J.  Wood,  Wilmington;  E.  M.  Mclver,  Jonesville;  Cyrus  Thomp- 
son, Jacksonville;  W.  F.  Hargrove,  Kinston;  J.  M.  Parrott,  Kinston; 
C.  O'H.  Laughinghouse,  Greenville;  Ivan  P.  Battle,  Rocky  Mount;  Thos. 
E.  Anderson,  Statesville;  A.  C.  Everett,  Rockingham;  Peter  John.  Laur- 
inburg;  W.  H.  Cobb,  Goldsboro;  R.  H.  Lewis,  W.  S.  Rankin  and  Hubert 
Royster,  Raleigh,  was  appointed  by  Dr.  J.  Wesley  Long,  president  of 
the  Medical  Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina  to  investigate  and 
recommend  whether  or  not  a  Class  A  four-year  medical  school  should  be 
established  in  connection  with  the  State  University.  I  called  the  com- 
mittee to  meet  at  the  Yarborough  Hotel,  in  Raleigh,  October  10,  1922. 
All  the  members  of  the  committee  were  present  except  six.  After  varied 
and  long  discussions,  pro  and  con,  we  voted  unanimously  to  recommend 
the  establishment  of  a  Class  A  four-year  graduating  school. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  149 

The  question  of  location  was  then  discussed  and  a  vote  taken  to 
establish  it  at  the  University,  by  a  large  majority.  With  a  vote  to  recon- 
sider and  with  a  fuller  discussion,  a  vote  was  taken  to  eliminate  the  word 
"university,"  and  to  recommend,  if  such  a  school  should  be  established, 
that  wherever  so  established  all  four  years  should  be  at  the  same  place. 

Some  time  after  the  Trustees  of  the  University  were  called  together 
in  Raleigh  to  decide  about  the  school,  and  that  day  voted  to  postpone 
action.  A  delegation  from  Charlotte  asked  to  be  heard.  After  a  free  dis- 
cussion, the  Trustees  changed  their  position  and  agreed  to  recommend  to 
the  legislature  the  establishing  of  the  school  at  once,  with  an  appropria- 
tion sufficient  to  put  it  on  its  feet.  A  few  days  later  they  met  again  for 
the  purpose  of  selecting  the  place,  later  they  met  again  for  the  purpose 
of  selecting  the  place  to  locate  the  school.  Charlotte,  Durham,  Raleigh, 
Greensboro  contended  for  the  location  of  the  school  at  one  of  thelse 
places,  and  the  Trustees  voted  to  refer  the  matter  to  the  legislature.  The 
report  from  Maxwell  and  Company  that  the  state  finances  would  show  a 
$5,000,000  deficit  struck  the  legislature  with  utter  dismay,  and  with  the 
invisible  influence  of  the  University  people  the  whole  matter  was  laid 
away  in  a  deadly  sleep.  I  think  that  if  the  doctors  in  North  Carolina  had 
done  their  full  duty  and  demanded  what  I  believe  to  be  one  of  the  state's 
greatest  needs,  the  school  would  have  been  established,  and  at  the  best 
place.  I  predict  that  not  far  in  the  future  the  school  will  be. 

Upon  motion  of  Dr.  Cyrus  Thompson,  the  committee  was  instructed 
to  continue  its  activities  and  report  at  the  next  annual  meeting  of  the 
Society. 

The  committee  did  not  seem  to  function  after  this. 

It  is  rather  notable  that  Dr.  Foy  Roberson  of  Durham,  asked  to  be 
excused  from  voting,  on  the  ground  that  should  it  be  found  later  that  it 
would  be  more  desirable  to  locate  a  medical  school  in  Durham,  he  would 
prefer  that  he  be  not  recorded  as  voting  against  it.  He  was  of  course 
excused. 

DUKE  UNIVERSITY 

formerly 

TRINITY  COLLEGE 

In  1887  a  young  Pennsylvanian,  Dr.  John  Franklin  Crowell,  came 
to  this  state  as  the  president  of  Trinity  College,  a  small  country  college 
in  Randolph  County,  organized  in  1838  and  chartered  by  the  state  in 
1853.  Largely  through  Dr.  Crowell's  efforts  the  sympathetic  interests  of 
Mr.  Washington  Duke  and  Mr.  Julian  S.  Carr,  both  citizens  of  the 
growing  young  city  of  Durham,  were  enlisted  and  a  site  and  cash  for 
new  buildings  were  secured,  and  the  college  moved  to  Durham. 

At  the  conjoint  session  of  the  North  Carolina  State  Board  of  Health 
with  the  State  Medical  Society  in  Oxford,  N.  C,  the  president,  Dr.  H.  T. 
Bahnson  (Trans.  1890,  page  31)  announced  that  "The  Board  of  Health 
has  been  applied  to  in  relation,  he  was  happy  to  say,  to  the  building  of 
one  educational  institution,  with  request  that  it  inspect  and  commend  or 
condemn,  as  may  be,  the  plans  of  that  building  from  a  sanitary  stand- 
point. He  alluded  to  the  new  Trinity  College  to  be  erected  in  Durham." 


150  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

It  seems  that  Duke  University  known  formerly  as  Trinity  College  has 
for  many  years  been  interested  in,  and  willing  to  take  part  in  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  first  class  medical  college.  The  following  is  perhaps  the 
only  old  record  in  regard  to  such  willingness  and  is  taken  from  a  copy  of 
the  State  Chronicle,  under  date  of  Tuesday,  March  24,  1891.  Josephus 
Daniels  was  owner  and  editor  of  the  Chronicle  at  the  time. 

TRINITY  MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT 

A  SCHOOL  OF  MEDICINE  PLANNED  BY  PROMINENT 

STATE  MEDICAL  MEN 

It  Is  to  Be  a  Great  School  Not  to  Be  Surpassed  by  Anything  of  Its  Kind 
in  the  South — the  Plan  Drawn 

A  School  of  Medicine  in  North  Carolina  at  last ! 

That  is  the  good  news  we  hear  from  a  recent  conference  of  medical 
men  in  Durham. 

On  Wednesday  last,  President  John  F.  Crowell,  of  Trinity  College, 
met  by  appointment  in  Durham  the  following  prominent  medical  men 
and  held  a  conference  with  them:  Dr.  W.  T.  Cheatham,  of  Henderson; 
Supt.  William  R.  Wood,  of  the  State  Insane  Asylum;  Dr.  J.  M.  Hays, 
of  Oxford ;  Dr.  Robert  Young,  of  Concord ;  Dr.  George  W.  Long,  of  Gra- 
ham; Dr.  J.  W.  Byers,  of  Charlotte;  Dr.  A.  G.  Carr,  of  Durham;  and 
Dr.  W.  H.  Whitehead,  of  Tarboro. 

It  was  yet  in  the  minds  of  medical  men  over  the  state  that  Dr.  Wil- 
liam R.  Wood,  superintendent  of  the  State  Insane  Asylum,  had  at  the 
last  two  meetings  of  the  Medical  Association  introduced  and  advocated 
a  resolution  to  appoint  a  committee  on  the  part  of  the  Association  to 
confer  with  a  like  committee  from  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Uni- 
versity with  reference  to  the  establishment  of  a  Department  of  Medicine. 
It  was  remembered  that  this  was  voted  down. 

Acting  upon  the  belief  that  their  hope  in  that  direction  was  gone,  this 
meeting  in  Durham  was  held  with  President  Crowell,  of  Trinity  College, 
in  order  to  see  how  such  a  department  could  be  established  at  Trinity 
College  in  Durham. 

It  was  decided  that  a  school  be  established  to  be  called  the  Medical 
Department  of  Trinity  College.  It  is  to  have  seven  distinct  professor- 
ships, as  follows: 

Professor  of  Anatomy 
Professor  of   Physiology 
Professor  of  Practice 
Professor  of  Surgery 
Professor  of  Materia  Medica 
Professor  of  Obstetrics 
Professor  of   Chemistry. 

The  school  shall  be  first  class  in  every  respect,  and  have  nothing  but 
first-class  instructors,  laboratories,  etc. 

A  first  class  hospital  shall  be  built  in  connection  with  it,  and 
President  Crowell  was  instructed  to  look  after  the  possibility  of  raising 
the  funds  to  build  separate  buildings. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  151 

The  following  prominent  medical  men  have  been  mentioned  as  proba- 
ble members  of  the  faculty:  Dr.  J.  M.  Hays,  of  Oxford,  Professor  of 
Anatomy;  Dr.  H.  T.  Bahnson,  of  Salem,  Professor  of  Surgery;  Dr. 
William  R.  Wood,  of  Raleigh,  Professor  of  Practice;  Rev.  W.  H.  Pegram, 
Professor  of  Chemistry.  The  chairs  have  not  been  assigned  as  yet,  but 
the  following  are  mentioned  to  fill  the  others:  Drs.  Byers,  of  Charlotte; 
Cheatham,  of  Henderson;  and  Young,  of  Concord.  Dr.  A.  G.  Carr,  of 
Durham,  will  have  charge  of  the  dissecting  room. 

These  are  the  plans.  We  hope  they  will  be  carried  out  and  with  such 
a  man  as  Dr.  John  Franklin  Crowell  at  its  head  we  can  count  on  a  big 
success. 

Every  year  North  Carolina  gives  $50,000  worth  of  patronage  to 
other  states,  and  she  can  then  save  it  to  herself. 

Such    an   institution   could   be   made   a   great   success,   and    we    hope 

it  will.   If  the  legislature  arranges  it  so  that  a  graduate  of  that   school 

can  be  granted  license  on  his  diploma  (as  is  done  by  other  states)  then 

most  all  of  our  young  men  will  get  their  education  here. 

Let  the  good  work  go  on. 

*     *     *     * 

Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  School  of  Medicine  did  not  materialize  at 
that  time. 

Prior  to  this  Dr.  S.  D.  Booth  of  Oxford,  at  session  of  the  Medical 
Society  of  the  State  of  North  Carolina.  1885,  offered  a  resolution  looking 
toward  the  establishment  of  a  Medical  Department  at  the  University  of 
North  Carolina. 

Much  of  interest  in  regard  to  the  establishment  of  a  Medical  Depart- 
ment in  connection  with  Trinity  College  is  found  in  the  Transactions  of 
1891  session. 

The  following  are  extracts  from  the  president's  address  by  Dr.  R.  H. 
Lewis : 

If  the  legislature  arranges  so  that  a  graduate  of  that  school  can  be 
granted  license  on  his  diploma  (as  is  done  by  other  states),  then  most 
all  of  our  young  men  will  get  their  education  here.  "Let  the  good  work 
go  on." 

I  have  been  informed  by  Dr.  Bahnson,  whose  name  has  been  associ- 
ated with  the  enterprise,  that  he  would  not  consent  to  even  consider — 
should  it  be  made  to  him — a  proposition  to  join  in  the  proposed  school 
except  upon  the  assurance  that  it  was  to  be  only  preparatory.  I  have  also 
read  the  editorial  in  the  April  N.  Y.  Medical  Journal  saying  that  its 
reports  as  to  the  character  of  the  school  were  "somewhat  exaggerated," 
but  these  statements  are  not  authoritative  enough  to  relieve  me  the  duty 
of  at  least  bringing  the  matter  before  you.  Still  they  do  relieve  the  situa- 
tion to  a  certain  extent,  so  that  what  I  shall  have  to  say  on  the  subject  is 
based  on  a  hypothesis.  If,  then,  these  reports  represent  at  all  correctly 
the  intents  of  the  authorities  of  Trinity  College,  I  cannot,  as  a  faithful 
sentinel  on  the  watch-tower,  say,  "all's  well."  On  the  contrary,  I  believe 
conscientiously  that  I  would  be  derelict  were  I  not  to  sound  the  alarm. 

At  the  New  Bern  meeting  the  committee  to  which  was  referred  the 
resolution  to  take  steps  for  the  establishment  of  a  Medical  Department 
at  the  University  of  the  state,  made  the  following  report:  *  *  * 
That  in  their  opinion,  there  is  no  necessity  for  the  addition  of  a  Medical 


152  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

Department  to  the  State  University,  and  that,  at  present,  the  scheme  is 
utterly  impracticable.  It  is,  furthermore,  the  opinion  of  the  undersigned 
that  neither  the  interest  in  the  profession  nor  the  public  would  be 
advanced  by  the  establishment  of  such  a  department.  In  a  word,  that 
the  interest  of  the  profession  and  the  public  would  be  more  enhanceed 
by  the  support  of  a  few  good  schools  than  by  the  establishment  of  many 
bad  ones. 

(Signed) 

C.  J.  O'Hagan, 
T.  D.  Haigh, 
H.  T.  Bahnson, 
J.  Graham. 

Although  much  interested  in  the  success  and  renown  of  the  University, 
I  thoroughly  endorsed  that  report,  and  since  that  time  I  have  been  only 
the  more  confirmed  in  my  opinion  that  it  was  eminently  wise  and  is  as 
applicable  now  as  then. 

It  is  so  self-evident  that  location  in  a  large  city  is  a  sine  qua  non  to 
a  first  class  Medical  School  granting  diplomas,  that  I  will  not  take  up 
your  time  arguing  the  matter.  North  Carolina  has  no  such  city  and  it 
therefore  follows  that  the  establishment  of  a  school  of  such  pretensions 
within  our  borders  is  to  be  deprecated. 

The  mere  suggestion  of  applying  to  the  legislature  for  a  change  in 
our  laws  to  exempt  the  graduates  of  that,  or  any  other  Medical  School, 
from  examination  by  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  of  the  State, 
should  fill  us  with  apprehension.  By  the  passage  of  such  amendment, 
practically  all  that  we  have  accomplished  in  the  way  of  legislation  for 
the  advancement  of  the  profession  in  the  past  thirty  years  would  at  one 
shot  be  obliterated.  Our  dear  old  state,  that,  as  far  as  results  are  con- 
cerned, was  the  pioneer  in  the  movement  to  regulate  the  practice  of 
medicine  by  law,  by  having  those  offering  their  services  to  her  people 
passed  upon  by  a  disinterested,  and  therefore  a  purely  unprejudiced 
board  would  lose  her  proud  position  in  the  very  forefront  of  the  line 
of  medical  progress  and  be  relegated  to  the  rear.  Any  movement  looking 
to  that  end  would  probably  meet  with  so  disastrous  and  earnest  an  oppo- 
sition on  the  part  of  the  best  friends  of  real  medical  advancement  as  to 
insure  its  defeat;  but  the  mere  agitation  of  the  subject  before  the  legis- 
lature would  be  fraught  with  danger.  The  laity  neither  understand  nor 
appreciate,  as  they  ought,  the  value  to  them,  as  well  as  to  ourselves,  of 
our  license  law ;  the  talk  of  keeping  money  in  the  state  is  mighty  with 
the  average  legislature,  the  school  would  have  its  special  funds,  and 
there  would  surely  be  a  number  who,  for  one  cause  or  another,  would 
be  against  all  restrictions  on  the  practice  of  medicine ;  and  the  danger 
of  the  passage  of  the  amendment,  or  a  repeal  of  the  whole  statute,  let 
me  assure  you,  fellowT-members,  would  not  be  an  imaginary  one. 

I  do  not  believe  that  the  gentlemen  whose  names  have  been  associated 
with  the  undertaking  would  knowingly  do  aught  to  impune  the  profession. 
Nor  can  the  Society  claim  the  right  to  prescribe  the  character  of  the 
enterprise  its  members  may  undertake,  provided  they  are  ethical;  still, 
there  can  certainly  be  no  question  as  to  the  propriety  and  advisability 
of  an  expression  of  opinion  on  anything  likely  to  place  in  jeopardy  the 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  153 

valuable  results  of  years  of  effort  on  its  part.  And  just  at  this  juncture, 
it  would  not  only  be  proper,  but  wise  (it  certainly  can  do  no  harm  and 
it  might  do  good),  for  the  Society,  in  a  suitably  framed  resolution,  to 
emphatically  pronounce  against  the  establishment  in  our  state  of  anything 
in  the  way  of  a  medical  school  more  pretentious  than  a  purely  and  exclu- 
sively preparatory  one,  embodying  in  its  curriculum  the  fundamental 
branches  of  anatomy,  physiology,  materia  medica,  and  chemistry,  with 
the  sciences  collateral  to  medicine.  A  school  of  this  character  at  Trinity 
would  of  course  be  as  unobjectionable  as  those  now  in  existence.  In  the 
resolution  suggested  it  would  also  be  well  to  incorporate  a  formal  ex- 
pression of  opinion  as  to  the  minimum  facilities  of  instruction  and  re- 
quirements for  graduation  on  the  part  of  the  college  that  would  receive 
the  endorsement  and  support  of  the  Society. 

Dr.  Crowell,  president  of  Trinity  College,  was  accorded  the  privilege 
of  addressing  the  State  Medical  Society  in  regard  to  reference  made  by 
President  Lewis  in  annual  address  to  Medical  Department  at  Trinity, 
said: 

He,  by  virtue  of  his  office,  was  pledged  to  elevate  the  standard  of 
education  for  all  classes  of  the  people  in  North  Carolina.  Understanding 
that  the  Medical  Society  was  not  satisfied,  et  cetera,  he  had  asked  several 
doctors  to  meet  with  him  to  talk  the  matter  over.  Which  was  done.  No 
recommendation    made.    Would    need    ample    endorsement. 

Dr.  S.  D.  Booth  said  the  society  was  opposed  to  "one  horse"  medical 
school. 

Dr.  George  W.  Long — for  above  referenced  committee,  reported: 

First,  we  unanimously  agreed  that  we  would  not  consider  the  propo- 
sition to  establish  the  Medical  Department  (above  referred  to)  unless 
sufficient  endowment  was  guaranteed,  the  income  from  which  would  be 
ample  to  pay  the  salaries  of  the  profession  and  all  the  expense  of  said 
Medical  Department  without  in  any  way  depending  on  fees  from  students. 

Second,  we  did  not  propose  to  in  any  way  amend  the  Medical  Laws  of 
North  Carolina,  but  on  the  contrary,  emphatically  said  that  any  man 
receiving  a  diploma  from  said  Medical  College  should  be  abundantly  able 
to  meet  all  requirements  of  the  Board  of  Medical   Examiners. 

Third,  as  the  statement  has  been  made  on  the  floor  of  this  Medical 
Society,  that  North  Carolina  did  not  possess  the  talent  to  fill  the  pro- 
fessorships, we  desire  to  state  further,  that  this  conference  in  no  way 
intimated  from  what  quarter  of  the  globe  the  professors  should  be 
chosen,  but  distinctly  said  that,  with  sufficient  endowment,  the  best  ta'ent 
could  and  should  be  commanded. 

We  respectfully  submit  the  report  and  ask  the  Medical  Society  of  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  to  make  a  record  of  the  same. 

(Signed) 

Geo.    W.    Long 
Robt.    S.    Young 
Wm.  R.  Wood 
W.    T.    Cheatham 
J.    M.    Hays 
A.  G.  Carr. 


154  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY   OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

REPORT    ON    PRESIDENT'S    ADDRESS 

Sec.  4.  While  we  heartily  commend  the  establishment  of  preparatory 
school  of  medicine  at  convenient  points  in  our  state,  we  believe  it  is 
inexpedient  and  averse  to  the  best  interests  of  the  profession  to  coun- 
tenance the  organization  of  a  college  of  medicine  in  the  state  unless  it 
can  afford  to  its  students  advantages  in  every  way  equal  to  those  afforded 
by  the  best  schools  in  the  large  cities  of  our  country. 

W.   P.   Beall 
J.  Howell  Way 
Frank  W.   Brown 

Committee. 

About  the  latter  part  of  1920  or  early  part  of  1921,  Dr.  W.  P.  Few, 
who  was  then  the  President  of  Trinity  College,  now  Duke  University, 
had  a  conference  with  Mr.  George  W.  Watts  of  Durham,  looking  toward 
the  establishment  of  a  medical  school,  using  Watt's  Hospital  in  Durham 
for  clinical  teaching,  and  presumably  the  school  of  medicine  to  be 
operated  by  Trinity  College.  This  would  no  doubt  have  called  for  the 
great  enlargement  of  Watts'  Hospital.  Mr.  Watts'  untimely  death  pre- 
cluded further  consideration  of  this  plan.  While  the  thinking  men  both 
in  and  out  of  the  medical  profession  were  agreed  on  the  necessity  of  a 
four-year  medical  school  in  North  Carolina,  and  were  almost  unanimous 
in  the  belief  that  it  should  be  established  in  connection  with  the  State 
University,  and  while  judging  from  the  report  made  by  Dr.  I.  W.  Faison, 
chairman  of  a  committee  from  the  State  Medical  Society  quoted  else- 
where, the  authorities  of  the  University,  including  the  trustees,  were 
apparently  unwilling  to  announce  themselves  as  favoring  it  and  as  being 
ready  to  move.  The  president  of  Duke  University,  then  Trinity  College, 
Dr.  W.  P.  Few,  was  willing  and  ready  to  cooperate  to  the  fullest,  as 
evidenced  by  a  letter  to  Mr.  John  Sprunt  Hill,  who  was  chairman  of 
the  Medical  School  Committee  of  the  Durham  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
president  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Watts'  Hospital  and  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University.  The  letter  follows: 

February  8,  1923. 
Mr.  John  Sprunt   Hill 

Durham,  North  Carolina 
Dear  Mr.  Hill: 

I  am  writing  to  you  as  chairman  of  the  Medical  School  Committee 
of  the  Durham  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  President  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  of  the  Watts  Hospital.  The  "Durham  plan"  for  a  medical 
school,  as  I  understand  the  plan,  has  included  the  undertaking  to  raise 
$50,000  a  year  for  running  expenses.  This  was  to  be  just  a  first  step 
towards  a  large  medical  school  to  which  the  General  Assembly  would  be 
asked  now  or  later  to  authorize  the  issue  of  $4,000,000  in  bonds  or 
provide  the  equivalent  in  annual  appropriations  to  be  available  for  the 
school  when  an  equal  amount  is  secured  from  other  sources.  And  the 
medical  school  was  to  be  controlled  by  a  board  of  fifteen  trustees  to  be 
appointed  by  the  governor  of  the  state  without  restrictions. 


GENERAL    SESSIONS  155 

As  you  know,  it  has  been  announced  that  the  undertaking  to  raise 
$500,000  towards  a  small  beginning  of  a  medical  school  has  been  aban- 
doned; and  it  may  not  seem  to  you  to  be  wise  to  try  to  go  on  with  the 
larger  undertaking  contemplated  in  the  "Durham  plan."  I  therefore 
hope  that  you,  your  committee,  and  your  trustees  will  feel  free  to  offer 
to  the  trustees  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina  for  their  medical 
department  the  cooperation  of  the  Watts  Hospital  and  whatever  else  you 
may  have  to  offer,  if  that  seems  to  be  the  wise  course  to  pursue. 

While  as  of  course  you  know,  this  is  now  purely  a  Durham  plan  and 
Trinity  College  has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  it,  I  cannot  let  this 
occasion  go  by  without  telling  you  how  deeply  I  appreciate  your  cooper- 
ation with  me  in  all  that  I  have  tried  to  do  for  medical  education,  and 
how  deeply  I  appreciate  the  cooperation  of  the  citizens  of  Durham 
whenever  they  have  had  opportunity  to  cooperate. 

I  am  just  as  willing  now  as  I  have  ever  been  to  work  for  a  first  class 
medical  school.  And  I  will  be  completely  loyal  to  the  larger  Durham 
plan  until  it  succeeds  or  is  finally  thrown  aside. 

Since  there  is  considerable  public  interest  in  the  subject,  I  am  today 
giving  the  substance  of  this  letter  to  the  state  press. 

With  sentiments  of  personal  esteem  and  sincere  good  wishes,  I  am 
Cordially  yours, 
Copies   to:  (Signed)  W.  P.  Few. 

Mr.  M.  E.  Newsom  , 

Governor   Morrison 

With  so  much  interest  throughout  the  state  in  the  establishment  of 
a  four  year  medical  college,  and  with  things  happening  so  rapidly  or 
perhaps  I  should  say  with  the  changing  of  view  points  and  policies  so 
rapidly,  it  was  but  natural  that  rumors  would  spread  quickly  and  widely, 
and  so  President  Few  felt  the  need  of  making  a  public  statement  in 
regard  to  his  recent  attitude  and  actions  in  connection  therewith.  And  so 
President  W.  P.  Few  authorized  a  brief  statement  which  is  essentially 
the  same  as  a  letter  he  sent  December  22,  1922,  to  editorial  writers  of 
the  state  concerning  the  proposed  medical  school  for  North  Carolina. 

The   statement  follows : 

"My  interest  in  a  medical  school  has  brought  an  amount  and  kind  of 
publicity  that  I  was  not  prepared  for.  It  is  true  that  I  had  been  thinking 
about  a  medical  school  for  several  years  and  have  for  some  time  had  plans 
in  which  I  have  sought  to  interest  others.  But  before  these  plans  matured 
another  movement  for  a  medical  school  was  started — this  one  by  the 
University  of  North  Carolina. 

"It  then  occurred  to  me  that  since  we  needed  one  medical  school  but 
not  two,  it  might  be  well  to  see  if  we  could  assure  success  for  one  good 
medical  school  by  uniting  the  two  movements.  I  talked  with  President 
Chase  and  Governor  Morrison  about  this  possibility  and  they  both 
thought  well  of  it,  and  I  have  talked  with  two  committees  appointed  to 
deal  with  this  whole  problem. 

"I  have  said  that  I  thought  to  build  and  found  a  first  class  medical 
school   would   require    a   minimum   of   eight    million    dollars,   and    I    have 


156  THE    MEDICAL    SOCIETY    OF    THE    STATE    OF    NORTH    CAROLINA 

expressed  by  belief  that  the  goal  might  be  reached  if  a  sound  plan  could 
be  agreed  upon.  I  stated  to  the  committee  that  if  a  workable  plan  of 
cooperation  between  the  University  of  North  Carolina  and  Trinity  College 
could  be  found,  I  would  undertake  to  secure  one  half  of  the  amount. 

"I  have  never  said  that  I  had  the  money,  but  that  I  believed  I  could 
raise  it,  and  I  would  not  have  made  such  a  statement  if  I  had  not  had 
good  reason  to  believe  that  in  due  time  I  could  succeed  in  the  under- 
taking." 

Another  interesting  angle  is  that  when  the  committee  of  22  physicians 
from  the  State  Medical  Society  to  consider  the  four  year  Medical  School, 
heretofore  referred  to,  was  about  to  vote  on  the  matter  and  recommend 
that  it  be  established  at  the  State  University,  by  an  almost  unanimous 
vote,  Dr.  Foy  Roberson  of  Durham  asked  to  be  excused  from  voting  for 
the  reason  that  should  it  later  turn  out  that  the  Medical  School  would  be 
established  in  Durham,  he  would  not  like  to  be  on  record  as  having  voted 
against  it.  He  was  of  course  excused. 

The  fact  that  the  four  year  Medical  School  at  the  University  was 
abandoned,  at  least  until  some  indefinite  time  in  the  far  distant  future, 
did  not  deter  President  Few  for  he  had  seen  his  own  tentative  plans 
abandoned  in  the  past,  but  his  fertile  brain  kept  its  guns  constantly 
trained  on  the  idea,  and  his  visions  materialized  on  December  11,  1924, 
when  the  late  James  Benjamin  Duke  created  the  Duke  foundation,  and 
provided  that  four  million  dollars  should  be  used  for  the  erection  of 
buildings  for  the  Medical  School  and  Hospital,  and  also  provided  ample 
income  for  maintenance,  the  exact  amount  to  be  allocated  by  the  trus- 
tees of  this  foundation  from  time  to  time. 

Ground  was  broken  for  these  buildings  August  1927.  On  January  20, 
1927,  Dr.  Wilburt  C.  Davison,  vice  dean  of  John  Hopkins  and  Professor 
of  Pediatrics  in  that  great  Medical  School,  was  selected  Dean  of  the 
Medical  School  of  Duke  University,  and  entered  upon  his  duties  immedi- 
ately. The  hospital  in  connection  with  Duke  University  to  be  used  for 
teaching  clinical  medicine  will  provide  about  400  beds.  It  is  hoped  that 
the  School  of  Medicine  and  the  Hospital  will  be  ready  to  open  by  October 
1930. 

The  President  and  Trustees  of  Duke  University  and  the  Dean  of  its 
Medical  School  have  a  most  wonderful  opportunity  and  likewise  a  great 
responsibility.  Unhampered  by  buildings  and  equipment  out  of  date, 
unhampered  by  members  of  faculty  that  might  be  equally  out  of  date, 
with  ample  money  for  construction  and  maintenance,  they  are  com- 
missioned to  build  de  novo  the  greatest  and  best  Medical  School  in  the 
world.  All  peoples  and  nations  of  the  world,  and  particularly  those  of  us 
in  the  Carolinas  are  to  be  congratulated.  And  thus  materializes  the  vision, 
projected  by  much  thought  and  much  study,  of  one  of  the  great  men  of 
our  state,  Dr.  W.  P.  Few,  President  of  Duke  University,  and  his  worthy 
predecessor,  Dr.  John  Franklin  Crowell. 


This  book  circulates  for  a  2-week  period  and 
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GAYLAMOUNT 
PAMPHLET  BINDER 

Manufactured  by 

GAYLORD  BROS.  Inc. 

Syracuse,  N.Y. 

Stockton,  Calif. 


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